Pain causes altered arousal and specific behaviours that are rare at other times (pain indicators).We examined whether beef cows (mean age 6 years) are sensitive to pain indicators in addition to arousal following ear tagging and rubber ring castration (males only, n = 31) of their calf (n = 58).Behavioural pain indicators and activity were recorde
Management of patients with back pain is an interdisciplinary problem requiring a package of diagnostic and differential measures.Despite the elaboration of algorithms for the differential diagnosis Washer Suspension Guide and therapy of back pain, a number of questions remain difficult to interpret, which can lead to diagnostic errors.This review
Regadenoson is a selective adenosine 2a (A2a) receptor agonist that is used in cardiac stress testing to evaluate for ischemic heart disease and has largely replaced adenosine in the Candleholder modern era.Since adenosine receptors are involved in synaptic transmission between neurons throughout the central nervous system (CNS) including the cereb
Soils at many sites do not always have enough strength to bear the structures constructed over them and some of the soil may need to be stabilized in order to improve their geotechnical properties.In this paper, routine laboratory tests were critically carried out to investigate the efficacy of lignin in improving the strength behaviour of membersh
Wovens Information on phenotypic traits is a prerequisite in animal genetic resource conservation and improvement.Phenotypic characteristics of 180 Indonesian female ducks collected from six populations (Alabio, Bayang, Magelang, Pegagan, Pitalah, and Rambon ducks) were studied.Data on qualitative traits were analyzed with descriptive statistics (p